Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: A Guide for Beginners
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is one of the most popular and widely used operating systems in the world. It is designed to provide a reliable, secure, and high-performance platform for enterprise applications and workloads. In this article, we will introduce you to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, the fifth major release of RHEL that was launched in 2007 and is still supported until 2020. We will cover the following topics:
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What is Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and what are its main features and benefits?
How to download and install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 on your system?
How to use and manage Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 with basic commands and tools?
By the end of this article, you will have a better understanding of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and how it can help you run your enterprise applications and workloads more efficiently and securely.
What is Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5?
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 is an operating system that is based on the Linux kernel and the GNU software. It is developed and maintained by Red Hat, a leading provider of open source solutions for enterprises. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 was released in March 2007 and is part of the RHEL product family that includes RHEL Server, RHEL Desktop, RHEL Workstation, RHEL Advanced Platform, and RHEL for IBM System z.
A brief history of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 is the successor of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, which was released in February 2005. RHEL 5 introduced several new features and improvements, such as:
The adoption of the upstream kernel version 2.6.18, which brought enhanced hardware support, virtualization capabilities, security enhancements, power management features, and more.
The inclusion of Xen, a hypervisor that allows running multiple virtual machines on a single physical host.
The integration of SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux), a security framework that enforces mandatory access control policies on processes and files.
The support for IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), a new version of the Internet protocol that offers more address space, security, and mobility features.
The addition of Yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified), a package management tool that simplifies the installation and update of software packages.
RHEL 5 has received several minor updates over the years, with the latest being RHEL 5.11, which was released in September 2014. RHEL 5 has a product life cycle of 10 years, which means that it will receive security updates and bug fixes until March 2020. After that date, customers can extend their support with the Extended Life Cycle Support (ELS) add-on subscription.
The main features and benefits of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 offers many features and benefits for enterprise customers who need a stable, secure, and high-performance operating system for their applications and workloads. Some of these features and benefits are:
A consistent platform across physical, virtual, and cloud environments, allowing customers to deploy, migrate, and scale their applications with ease and flexibility.
A robust security and compliance framework, featuring SELinux, firewall, encryption, audit, and identity management tools that protect the system from external and internal threats.
A comprehensive virtualization solution, including Xen and KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) hypervisors, libvirt (a virtualization API), and virt-manager (a graphical tool for managing virtual machines).
A rich set of development tools and libraries, such as GCC (GNU Compiler Collection), GDB (GNU Debugger), Eclipse (an integrated development environment), and Java (a programming language and platform).
A wide range of certified hardware and software partners, ensuring compatibility and interoperability with various devices, applications, and services.
A world-class support and subscription model, providing access to updates, patches, security advisories, knowledge base articles, technical assistance, and more.
The system requirements for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 can run on various architectures, such as x86, x86_64, IA-64, PowerPC, and IBM System z. The minimum system requirements for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 are:
Component
Minimum Requirement
CPU
500 MHz Pentium III or equivalent
Memory
512 MB RAM
Disk space
5 GB for a minimal installation; 9 GB for a standard installation
Network
10 Mbps Ethernet adapter
Display
800x600 resolution with 16-bit color depth
Optical drive
CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive
How to download and install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5?
If you want to try Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 on your system, you need to download the installation media from the official website and then install it on your system. Here are the steps to do that:
The different versions and editions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 has different versions and editions for different purposes and needs. The main versions are:
RHEL 5 Server: The server version of RHEL 5 that is designed for running enterprise applications and workloads on physical or virtual servers.
RHEL 5 Desktop: The desktop version of RHEL 5 that is designed for running desktop applications and workloads on personal computers or laptops.
RHEL 5 Workstation: The workstation version of RHEL 5 that is designed for running high-end applications and workloads on powerful systems.
RHEL 5 Advanced Platform: The advanced platform version of RHEL 5 that is designed for running mission-critical applications and workloads on large-scale systems.
RHEL 5 for IBM System z: The version of RHEL 5 that is designed for running applications and workloads on IBM mainframes.
The main editions are:
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RHEL 5 Base: The base edition of RHEL 5 that includes the core operating system components and basic functionality.
RHEL 5 Standard: The standard edition of RHEL 5 that includes the base edition plus additional features and functionality.
RHEL 5 Premium: The premium edition of RHEL 5 that includes the standard edition plus advanced features and functionality.
RHEL 5 Academic: The academic edition of RHEL 5 that is available for educational institutions at a discounted price.
RHEL 5 Developer: The developer edition of RHEL 5 that is available for developers at a reduced price.
You can choose the version and edition of RHEL 5 that best suits your needs and budget. You can also download a free evaluation copy of RHEL 5 from the official website for testing purposes.
The steps to download Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 from the official website
To download Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 from the official website, you need to follow these steps:
Go to the .
Select the version and edition of RHEL 5 that you want to download.
If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your username and password. If you don't have a Red Hat account, you can create one for free by clicking on the Register button.
Agree to the terms and conditions and click on the Download button.
Choose the download method that you prefer, such as HTTP, FTP, or Torrent.
Save the ISO image file to your computer.
You can also order a physical media kit of RHEL 5 from the official website if you prefer to have a CD or DVD copy of the installation media.
The steps to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 on your system
To install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 on your system, you need to follow these steps:
Burn the ISO image file to a CD or DVD or create a bootable USB drive with it.
Insert the CD, DVD, or USB drive into your system and boot from it.
Follow the instructions on the screen to start the installation process.
Choose the language, keyboard layout, and time zone that you want to use.
Select the installation type that you want, such as graphical, text, or kickstart.
Choose the disk partitioning scheme that you want, such as automatic or manual.
Select the packages that you want to install, such as base system, desktop environment, web server, database server, etc.
Set the root password and create user accounts if needed.
Configure the network settings and the boot loader options if needed.
Wait for the installation to complete and reboot your system.
Congratulations! You have successfully installed Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 on your system. You can now log in and start using it.
How to use and manage Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5?
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 is a powerful and versatile operating system that can help you run your enterprise applications and workloads more efficiently and securely. To use and manage Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, you need to know some basic commands and tools that can help you perform various tasks and operations. Here are some of them:
The basic commands and tools for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 uses a command-line interface (CLI) as its primary mode of interaction. You can access the CLI by opening a terminal window or logging in remotely via SSH (Secure Shell). The CLI allows you to enter commands that can perform various actions on your system, such as navigating directories, creating files, managing processes, etc. Some of the basic commands and tools for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 are:
ls: Lists the files and directories in the current or specified directory.
cd: Changes the current directory to the specified directory.
pwd: Prints the current working directory.
cp: Copies files or directories from one location to another.
mv: Moves or renames files or directories from one location to another.
rm: Removes files or directories from the system.
cat: Concatenates or displays the contents of files.
grep: Searches for a pattern in a file or input stream.
find: Finds files or directories that match certain criteria.
ps: Displays information about the running processes on the system.
kill: Sends a signal to a process to terminate it.
top: Shows the CPU and memory usage of the processes on the system.
ping: Tests the connectivity between two hosts by sending packets and measuring the response time.
ifconfig: Configures or displays the network interface settings on the system.
route: Shows or modifies the routing table on the system.
You can learn more about these commands and tools by reading their manual pages with the man command. For example, man ls will show you the manual page for the ls command. You can also use online resources such as .
The security and compliance features of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 provides a robust security and compliance framework that protects your system from external and internal threats. Some of these features are:
SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux): A security framework that enforces mandatory access control policies on processes and files, preventing unauthorized or malicious actions.
Firewall: A software or hardware device that filters the incoming and outgoing network traffic, allowing or blocking certain packets based on predefined rules.
Encryption: A process of transforming data into an unreadable form, using a secret key or algorithm, to prevent unauthorized access or modification.
Audit: A system of recording and reviewing the events and actions that occur on the system, such as user login, file access, command execution, etc.
Identity management: A system of managing the users and groups on the system, as well as their authentication and authorization mechanisms.
You can configure and manage these security and compliance features with various tools and utilities, such as:
system-config-securitylevel: A graphical tool that allows you to set the security level and firewall settings on the system.
setenforce: A command that allows you to change the mode of SELinux enforcement on the system.
semanage: A command that allows you to manage the SELinux policies and contexts on the system.
sealert: A command that allows you to view and analyze the SELinux audit logs and alerts on the system.
cryptsetup: A command that allows you to create and manage encrypted devices on the system.
auditctl: A command that allows you to control the audit subsystem on the system.
ausearch: A command that allows you to search and report the audit events on the system.
useradd: A command that allows you to create a new user account on the system.
usermod: A command that allows you to modify an existing user account on the system.
groupadd: A command that allows you to create a new group on the system.
groupmod: A command that allows you to modify an existing group on the system.
You can learn more about these tools and utilities by reading their manual pages with the man command. For example, man system-config-securitylevel will show you the manual page for the system-config-securitylevel tool. You can also use online resources such as .
The subscription and support options for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 is not a free operating system. You need to purchase a subscription from Red Hat to use it legally and get access to updates, patches, security advisories, knowledge base articles, technical assistance, and more. The subscription and support options for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 are:
RHEL 5 Base Subscription: The basic subscription option that provides access to updates and patches for RHEL 5 Base edition.
RHEL 5 Standard Subscription: The standard subscription option that provides access to updates and patches for RHEL 5 Standard edition, plus unlimited web support and one-year phone support.
RHEL 5 Premium Subscription: The premium subscription option that provides access to updates and patches for RHEL 5 Premium edition, plus unlimited web support and unlimited phone support.
RHEL 5 Academic Subscription: The academic subscription option that provides access to updates and patches for RHEL 5 Academic edition, plus unlimited web support and one-year phone support, at a discounted price for educational institutions.
RHEL 5 Developer Subscription: The developer subscription option that provides access to updates and patches for RHEL 5 Developer edition, plus unlimited web support and one-year phone support, at a reduced price for developers.
RHEL 5 Extended Life Cycle Support (ELS) Subscription: The extended life cycle support option that provides access to critical security updates and bug fixes for RHEL 5 after its end of life date in March 2020, until November 2024.
You can choose the subscription and support option that best suits your needs and budget. You can also renew your subscription annually or purchase a multi-year subscription for a lower cost. You can buy or manage your subscription from the .
Conclusion
In this article, we have introduced you to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, the fifth major release of RHEL that was launched in 2007 and is still supported until 2020. We have covered the following topics: - What is Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and what are its main features and benefits? - How to download and install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 on your system? - How to use and manage Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 with basic commands and tools? We hope that this article has helped you to learn more about Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and how it can help you run your enterprise applications and workloads more efficiently and securely. If you want to try Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 on your system, you can download a free evaluation copy from the official website or order a physical media kit. You can also purchase a subscription from Red Hat to get access to updates, patches, security advisories, technical assistance, and more. If you have any questions or feedback about this article, please feel free to contact us. We would love to hear from you and help you with your Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 needs. FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5:
What is the difference between Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora?
Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora are both Linux-based operating systems that are developed and maintained by Red Hat. However, they have different goals and audiences. Fedora is a community-driven project that aims to provide a cutting-edge and innovative platform for developers, testers, and enthusiasts. It has a rapid release cycle of six months and a short support life of 13 months. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a commercial product that aims to provide a stable and secure platform for enterprise customers. It has a longer release cycle of two to three years and a longer support life of 10 years.
How can I upgrade from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5?
There is no direct upgrade path from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. You need to perform a fresh installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 on your system. However, you can use tools such as Kickstart or SystemTap to automate the installation process and preserve your configuration settings and data. You can also use tools such as Preupgrade or Anaconda to check the compatibility of your hardware and software with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 before installing it.
How can I migrate from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 or 7?
There is no direct migration path from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 or 7. You need to perform a fresh installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 or 7 on your system. However, you can use tools such as Preupgrade Assistant or Upgrade Tool to prepare your system for the migration process and transfer your configuration settings and data. You can also use tools such as Subscription Manager or Satellite Server to manage your subscription and entitlements during the migration process.
How can I get more information about Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5?
You can get more information about Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 from various sources, such as:
: The official documentation for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 that covers installation, configuration, administration, security, virtualization, development, troubleshooting, and more.
: The online portal for Red Hat customers that provides access to updates, patches, security advisories, knowledge base articles, technical assistance, product downloads, certification information, and more.
: The online community for developers who use Red Hat products and technologies. It provides access to blogs, forums, tutorials, videos, podcasts, webinars, events, code samples, tools, and more.
How can I contact Red Hat for support or feedback?
You can contact Red Hat for support or feedback in various ways, such as:
: The online support system for Red Hat customers that allows you to open and manage support cases, chat with support engineers, search for solutions, and more.
: The online feedback form for Red Hat customers that allows you to share your opinions, suggestions, complaints, or compliments about Red Hat products and services.
: The online contact form for general inquiries about Red Hat products and services.
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